El Dude
The GOAT
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Hope you don't mind me butting in, @nehmeth and @Kieran , but I'm going to try to split the difference and tease out two underlying perspectives that I hear from you:
Kieran: We cannot know how any player would perform in a different context, if they were a product of that context (e.g. Borg being born in 1996 instead of 1956, or Novak born in 1947 instead of 1987). Similarly, we cannot compare players across eras because of very different contexts.
Nehmeth: Over time, athletics improves. Players in just about any sport get better and better, even if only gradually. Over longer periods of time, the differences become larger.
Aren't both true and even complementary? In other words, I think you're both right, but talking about slightly different things. We can't compare players of different eras, because we can't know how they'd perform in a different context, which also means different training routines, tactics, norms, tech, etc. In other words, Novak Djokovic wouldn't be Novak Djokovic if he had born in 1947 rather than 1987. He'd be a different human being and player. Similarly if Borg had been born in 1996 vs. 1956.
On the other hand, if we took Novak and time-travelled him back to 1969, and of course given him some time to adjust to wooden rackets, he'd clean house. No one could beat him, probably not even Laver (I'd probably give Pancho Gonzales the best shot, on a good day, though he was rather old by then). Tennis evolves - players are bigger, stronger, faster, more athletic.
Moving over to baseball for a moment, I read somewhere that fastball speeds have gone up an average of something like 5 mph over the last couple decades. I think this has accelerated in recent decades, but that they've probably increased from the 19th century to the present. That means guys like Cy Young and Walter Johnson probably never threw a 90 mph pitch, when today the average is something like 93-94 and some guys get up to 104-105. If you put peak Mike Trout back to 1925, he'd absolutely feast on pitchers - not just with their slower pitches, but without the century of developments in breaking pitches, and of course Trout's athleticism. He'd make Babe Ruth look like a scrub.
That said, there are quantifiable changes that we can speculate on. I hate to say it, but if Rod Laver had been born in 1988 rather than '38, he'd probably be more like a David Ferrer or Nikolay Davydenko - a very good second tier type. As great as he was, the game of the 60s and early 70s was rather different, and today Laver (at 5'8") would be a boy among giants. He'd be a maxed out (more skillful) Diego Schwartzman. I think due to his incredible skill set, maybe he'd manage to sneak in a Slam or two, but he wouldn't be what he was back then - the GOAT. A bigger and more powerful guy like Pancho Gonzales probably would have been great in today's era.
But I don't think that diminishes Laver' historic stature, as one of the four or five best players of all time. He was as dominant during his prime as just about anyone. In that sense, I think players should always be judged against the context in which they played. This doesn't mean you cannot compare across eras, but that the best way is to compare "relative dominance" (that is, how dominant Laver was vs. his peers vs how dominant Roger was vs. his). This is why when the GOAT conversation goes broad, I think we have to include Laver, Gonzales, and Tilden in the conversation (there were other really great players, but Vines or Kramer didn't dominate for as long as those three).
As a side note, despite the deepened field, I'm not even sure that it was easier to win the calendar Slam back in 1969. Wilander, Nadal, Federer, and Djokovic all won three Slams in a year - and Novak even on three different surfaces in 2021. Laver's opponents weren't pushovers - it was the Open Era, so he had to beat the best in the game to win those four Slams. In 2021, Novak might have played in the more "advanced" context of contemporary tennis, but he was also a product of that context.
We could use the analogy of school grades. Having the best grades in 12th grade (or class 12 for the Europeans) isn't necessarily more impressive than having them in 9th grade. But of course a 12th grader would find 9th grade relatively easy and a 9th grader would struggle in 12th grade. But it isn't fair to compare a 9th and 12th grader, and if that 9th grader first went through 10th and 11th grade, they'd be prepared for the context of 12th grade. And if the 12th grade erased all physical and mental development and returned to their 9th grade self, they would be, well, a 9th grader. It isn't a perfect or even very good analogy, but I think kinda works.
This implies that when you are born and play within a specific context, you are in a sense the beneficiary of all that came before -- all the previous "grades."
Kieran: We cannot know how any player would perform in a different context, if they were a product of that context (e.g. Borg being born in 1996 instead of 1956, or Novak born in 1947 instead of 1987). Similarly, we cannot compare players across eras because of very different contexts.
Nehmeth: Over time, athletics improves. Players in just about any sport get better and better, even if only gradually. Over longer periods of time, the differences become larger.
Aren't both true and even complementary? In other words, I think you're both right, but talking about slightly different things. We can't compare players of different eras, because we can't know how they'd perform in a different context, which also means different training routines, tactics, norms, tech, etc. In other words, Novak Djokovic wouldn't be Novak Djokovic if he had born in 1947 rather than 1987. He'd be a different human being and player. Similarly if Borg had been born in 1996 vs. 1956.
On the other hand, if we took Novak and time-travelled him back to 1969, and of course given him some time to adjust to wooden rackets, he'd clean house. No one could beat him, probably not even Laver (I'd probably give Pancho Gonzales the best shot, on a good day, though he was rather old by then). Tennis evolves - players are bigger, stronger, faster, more athletic.
Moving over to baseball for a moment, I read somewhere that fastball speeds have gone up an average of something like 5 mph over the last couple decades. I think this has accelerated in recent decades, but that they've probably increased from the 19th century to the present. That means guys like Cy Young and Walter Johnson probably never threw a 90 mph pitch, when today the average is something like 93-94 and some guys get up to 104-105. If you put peak Mike Trout back to 1925, he'd absolutely feast on pitchers - not just with their slower pitches, but without the century of developments in breaking pitches, and of course Trout's athleticism. He'd make Babe Ruth look like a scrub.
That said, there are quantifiable changes that we can speculate on. I hate to say it, but if Rod Laver had been born in 1988 rather than '38, he'd probably be more like a David Ferrer or Nikolay Davydenko - a very good second tier type. As great as he was, the game of the 60s and early 70s was rather different, and today Laver (at 5'8") would be a boy among giants. He'd be a maxed out (more skillful) Diego Schwartzman. I think due to his incredible skill set, maybe he'd manage to sneak in a Slam or two, but he wouldn't be what he was back then - the GOAT. A bigger and more powerful guy like Pancho Gonzales probably would have been great in today's era.
But I don't think that diminishes Laver' historic stature, as one of the four or five best players of all time. He was as dominant during his prime as just about anyone. In that sense, I think players should always be judged against the context in which they played. This doesn't mean you cannot compare across eras, but that the best way is to compare "relative dominance" (that is, how dominant Laver was vs. his peers vs how dominant Roger was vs. his). This is why when the GOAT conversation goes broad, I think we have to include Laver, Gonzales, and Tilden in the conversation (there were other really great players, but Vines or Kramer didn't dominate for as long as those three).
As a side note, despite the deepened field, I'm not even sure that it was easier to win the calendar Slam back in 1969. Wilander, Nadal, Federer, and Djokovic all won three Slams in a year - and Novak even on three different surfaces in 2021. Laver's opponents weren't pushovers - it was the Open Era, so he had to beat the best in the game to win those four Slams. In 2021, Novak might have played in the more "advanced" context of contemporary tennis, but he was also a product of that context.
We could use the analogy of school grades. Having the best grades in 12th grade (or class 12 for the Europeans) isn't necessarily more impressive than having them in 9th grade. But of course a 12th grader would find 9th grade relatively easy and a 9th grader would struggle in 12th grade. But it isn't fair to compare a 9th and 12th grader, and if that 9th grader first went through 10th and 11th grade, they'd be prepared for the context of 12th grade. And if the 12th grade erased all physical and mental development and returned to their 9th grade self, they would be, well, a 9th grader. It isn't a perfect or even very good analogy, but I think kinda works.
This implies that when you are born and play within a specific context, you are in a sense the beneficiary of all that came before -- all the previous "grades."
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